Syncope: Difference between revisions

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==Epidemiology==
==Epidemiology==
Syncope is common in the general population. The life-time cumulative incidence of ≥1 syncopal episodes in teenagers in the general population is high, with about 40 % by the age of 21 years. Reflex syncope is by far the most common cause. The majority have experienced reflex-mediated syncope episodes as teenagers and adolescents. The frequency of orhtostatic hypotension and cardiac syncope increases with age. Approximately 10-30% of the syncope episodes in patients above 60 years visiting a hospital for their syncope episodes are of cardiac origin.
Syncope is common in the general population. The life-time cumulative incidence of ≥1 syncopal episodes in teenagers in the general population is high, with about 40 % by the age of 21 years. Reflex syncope is by far the most common cause. The majority have experienced reflex-mediated syncope episodes as teenagers and adolescents. The frequency of orhtostatic hypotension and cardiac syncope increases with age. Approximately 10-30% of the syncope episodes in patients above 60 years visiting a hospital for their syncope episodes are of cardiac origin.
==Clinical features==
History taking is the most important feature in syncope evaluation.
These clinical features suggestive of a specific cause of syncope:
{| class="wikitable"
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! Reflex (neurally mediated) syncope
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| Absence of cardiac disease
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| Long history of syncope
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| After sudden, unexpected, unpleasant sight, sound, smell, or pain
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| Prolonged standing or crowded, hot places
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| Nausea, vomiting associated with syncope
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| During or in the absorptive state after a meal
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| With head rotation, pressure on carotid sinus (as in tumous, shaving, tight collars)
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| After exertion
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! Syncope due to orthostatic hypotension
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! Cardiac syncope
|-
|}


==Reflex syncope==
==Reflex syncope==
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