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Valvular Heart Disease: Difference between revisions
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== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
[[Image:Diagram of the human heart (valves improved).svg|400px|thumb|'Diagram of the human heart)''']] | |||
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==Pulmonary valve stenosis== | ==Pulmonary valve stenosis== | ||
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===Etiology and pathology=== | ===Etiology and pathology=== | ||
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[[Image:Pulmonary valve stenosis.svg|400px|thumb|The diagram shows a healthy heart and one suffering from Pulmonary valve stenosis]] | |||
Pulmonary valve stenosis can be caused congenital, carcinoid and rheumatic disorders or extrinsic compression. The typical domeshaped pulmonary valve stenosis is the most common form of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Stenosis is caused by fusion of the pulmonary valve leaflets and a narrowed central orifice. The valve is usually mobile and associated with medial abnormalities and dilation of the pulmonary trunk. | Pulmonary valve stenosis can be caused congenital, carcinoid and rheumatic disorders or extrinsic compression. The typical domeshaped pulmonary valve stenosis is the most common form of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Stenosis is caused by fusion of the pulmonary valve leaflets and a narrowed central orifice. The valve is usually mobile and associated with medial abnormalities and dilation of the pulmonary trunk. | ||
Pulmonary valve stenosis may be associated with Noonan, Williams, Alagille, Keutel or rubella syndromes.<cite>Elizabeth</cite> | Pulmonary valve stenosis may be associated with Noonan, Williams, Alagille, Keutel or rubella syndromes.<cite>Elizabeth</cite> | ||
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====Surgical==== | ====Surgical==== | ||
The treatment of choice for stenosis at the valvular level is balloon valvuloplasty. Long-term results are satisfactory and the procedure relatively safe. Surgical valvotomy is very effective with minimal recurrence, however significant pulmonary regurgitation may occur. | The treatment of choice for stenosis at the valvular level is balloon valvuloplasty. Long-term results are satisfactory and the procedure relatively safe. Surgical valvotomy is very effective with minimal recurrence, however significant pulmonary regurgitation may occur. | ||
Pulmonary valve replacement is indicated if the patient is not suitable for balloon valvuloplasty or surgical valvotomy. | Pulmonary valve replacement is indicated if the patient is not suitable for balloon valvuloplasty or surgical valvotomy. | ||
==Pulmonary valve regurgitation== | ==Pulmonary valve regurgitation== | ||
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